Japan's competition guidelines (July 2026 text) treat dealings between a parent and a 100%-owned subsidiary, or between sister companies, as within one enterprise and normally outside the unfair-trade-practice rules

How it’s built

1. Read from the Japan Fair Trade Commission's guidelines on distribution and business practices under the Antimonopoly Act, current text revised 8 July 2026.

What we assumed

Nothing. The figure is used as published.

Sanity check

It covers wholly owned subsidiaries only; partly owned companies or outside distributors fall under the ordinary rules.

Where it comes from

The line in the source

親会社が株式の100％を所有している子会社の場合には、通常、親子会社間の取引又は兄弟会社間の取引は実質的に同一企業内の行為に準ずるものと認められ、これらの取引は、原則として不公正な取引方法による規制を受けない。

In English

For a subsidiary whose shares the parent owns 100%, dealings between parent and subsidiary or between sister companies are normally regarded as acts within substantially one enterprise and are in principle not subject to the unfair-trade-practices rules.