What this is
How EU competition guidance defines vertical integration: a supplier selling directly to end users, or through distributors that are connected companies in its own group.
How it’s built
- Read from the European Commission's Guidelines on vertical restraints (2022), paragraph 115, as published in the EU's Official Journal. This is the paragraph's second sentence.
What we assumed
Nothing. The figure is used as published.
Sanity check
General law, not about Pokémon. It matters only if a Pokémon distributor is a group company rather than an outside firm.
Where it comes from
Guidelines on vertical restraints (2022/C 248/01) European Commission / Publications Office of the EU (EUR-Lex) · 30 June 2022 Open the original ↗
The line in the source
The supplier may, for instance, choose vertical integration, namely selling its goods or services directly to end users or distributing them through its vertically integrated distributors, which are connected undertakings